Physicians often split heart disease risk factors into two categories: modifiable and non-modifiable. Non-modifiable risk factors include things that cannot be changed such as age, family history, ethnic origin and gender. On the other hand, modifiable factors represent things that a person generally has some control over. These factors can include hypertension, high cholesterol, physical inactivity, tobacco use, diabetes, poor diet, alcohol consumption, stress, ingesting certain medicines, and being poor (although some would argue that financial status is non-modifiable in certain parts of the world). According to a new report from the American Heart Association, it’s now thought that women and African Americans are more highly affected by the non-modifiable heart disease risk factors. Also, while the gender gap seems to be narrowing, the gap between races may be increasing.
Study Examined Thousands of People
Researchers looked at data for 13,541 individuals. Study participants were examined over four different periods: 1987-89, 1990-92, 1993-95 and 1996-98. At the time, participants were not suffering from cardiovascular disease and were aged 52-66. Over the next ten years, researchers examined how certain risk factors contributed to the development of cardiovascular disease. The risk factors studied included:
- Obesity
- High cholesterol
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- High blood pressure
Researchers used a metric known as population attributable risk (PAR) to show how the heart disease risk factors contributed to the chances of actually getting heat disease in different groups such as men, women, African Americans and whites. For example, the PAR for diabetes in women was .21, whereas the PAR for men was .14. This means that diabetes is more likely to contribute to cardiovascular disease in women than in men. For high blood pressure, women had a PAR of .32, while men had .19. African Americans had .36 and whites had .21.
The PAR for obesity stayed the same for all groups at .06. There was some good news in that the overall PAR for smoking changed from .15 to .13, while high cholesterol changed from .18 to .09. Researchers indicated that the drop in risk for smoking doesn’t necessarily mean that smoking is becoming less of a risk, however. Instead, it seems to indicate that fewer people are smoking. In fact, heart disease is a bigger risk for smokers overall, due to the fact that people who still smoke often carry other risk factors or smoke more heavily. The drop in PAR for high cholesterol is being partly attributed to raised awareness and more widespread treatments.
Overall, the combined PAR for all risk factors decreased for whites throughout the study, going from .56 to .48. The PAR for African Americans stayed at .67.
Heart Disease Risk Factors: The Bottom Line
What this study essentially means is that women and African Americans are more likely to get cardiovascular disease if controllable risk factors are not managed. According to lead author Susan Cheng, the results indicate that targeted and population-based approaches must be taken as part of the public health efforts to reduce risk. In the meantime, it’s especially important for women and African Americans to take action against diabetes and high blood pressure to prevent cardiovascular disease. The American Heart Association has websites that can help you precisely assess your risk for getting heart disease according to your blood pressure and the state of your diabetes.
best medicine for nausea over the counter cipro drug
dermatologist recommended acne products elocon uk prescription strength acne treatment
lower abdominal pain prescription medication zidovudine 300 mg oral
isotretinoin for sale online order isotretinoin 10mg for sale accutane 20mg cheap
sleeping pills for sale uk purchase provigil sale
amoxicillin 250mg without prescription amoxil 1000mg ca purchase amoxicillin sale
buy azithromycin 500mg pill buy zithromax 250mg pill cost zithromax
buy gabapentin without prescription buy neurontin paypal
azithromycin online order azipro 250mg tablet buy azithromycin medication
order furosemide 100mg lasix 100mg uk
buy omnacortil paypal buy omnacortil generic omnacortil 20mg cheap
amoxil 1000mg sale order generic amoxicillin 1000mg amoxil 1000mg oral
buy doxycycline acticlate for sale
order albuterol for sale albuterol pill order albuterol generic
augmentin 1000mg generic buy augmentin 375mg generic
levothroid online buy cheap levothyroxine generic buy levothyroxine pills for sale
buy generic levitra online order vardenafil sale
buy clomiphene 100mg generic cost clomiphene order clomid 100mg pill
buy semaglutide generic buy semaglutide online order rybelsus pill
buy generic prednisone brand deltasone 20mg order prednisone 20mg pill
buy semaglutide 14 mg online cheap rybelsus 14 mg drug buy semaglutide 14 mg
accutane 20mg cheap buy isotretinoin 20mg purchase absorica pill
ventolin buy online cost ventolin 4mg purchase albuterol
buy amoxil 500mg online amoxil 500mg price amoxicillin 500mg without prescription
brand augmentin 625mg buy clavulanate without prescription cheap augmentin 375mg
generic zithromax 250mg order zithromax 250mg generic zithromax price
cheap levothroid without prescription levoxyl canada cheap levothyroxine without prescription
buy omnacortil 20mg generic order omnacortil 5mg sale prednisolone 40mg for sale
purchase clomiphene clomid us serophene pills
buy neurontin 600mg sale neurontin price order gabapentin 100mg generic
purchase sildenafil pills purchasing viagra on the internet sildenafil pills
buy furosemide 40mg generic buy furosemide for sale diuretic buy lasix generic
rybelsus price semaglutide us rybelsus brand
order levitra 20mg order levitra 10mg for sale vardenafil 10mg brand
real money online casinos usa free casino slots free roulette games
order lyrica 150mg pill order lyrica without prescription order pregabalin pill
buy plaquenil 200mg hydroxychloroquine 200mg oral plaquenil tablet
aristocort online buy aristocort online buy triamcinolone 4mg for sale
order cialis 5mg cialis pharmacy buy tadalafil 20mg generic
buy cheap clarinex desloratadine price desloratadine 5mg price
buy cenforce online cenforce 50mg usa cenforce 100mg us
buy claritin 10mg pills claritin buy online loratadine drug
chloroquine us aralen 250mg usa aralen 250mg canada
cheap priligy cytotec 200mcg us buy cytotec 200mcg pill
order metformin 1000mg sale metformin 500mg cost buy glycomet for sale
buy generic orlistat 120mg cheap orlistat diltiazem pills
cheap amlodipine amlodipine for sale online norvasc 10mg pills
order acyclovir 400mg for sale zyloprim online order allopurinol online order
oral zestril 10mg order lisinopril 2.5mg pill zestril 2.5mg cheap
buy generic crestor for sale zetia canada zetia 10mg without prescription
buy prilosec medication brand prilosec 20mg buy omeprazole 10mg pill
domperidone where to buy tetracycline 500mg for sale order tetracycline generic
lopressor 50mg oral lopressor 50mg price lopressor 50mg brand
cyclobenzaprine for sale online buy cyclobenzaprine generic buy baclofen paypal
buy atenolol 100mg sale order atenolol 100mg generic tenormin 50mg usa
purchase depo-medrol pill depo-medrol brand medrol 4 mg tablet
buy ketorolac tablets toradol 10mg ca buy colcrys generic
professional research paper writers academic writing paperwriter
buy inderal 10mg online order plavix for sale clopidogrel pill
buy methotrexate 2.5mg pill buy coumadin generic order medex sale
order mobic 7.5mg online buy meloxicam buy celebrex tablets
order reglan 20mg sale buy generic reglan over the counter losartan us
cost tamsulosin 0.4mg purchase tamsulosin pills buy cheap celecoxib
esomeprazole capsules buy topamax 200mg online cheap oral topamax 100mg
brand zofran 8mg zofran 4mg for sale spironolactone 25mg drug
oral imitrex 50mg levaquin 500mg pills buy levaquin
buy zocor tablets buy simvastatin 20mg pills order valacyclovir 500mg generic
order avodart generic dutasteride drug buy generic zantac
ampicillin cost buy generic doxycycline over the counter order amoxil
buy finpecia pills order fluconazole online buy forcan medication
purchase ciprofloxacin pills – order bactrim 480mg pills generic augmentin 1000mg
ciprofloxacin 1000mg cheap – where to buy cipro without a prescription order augmentin pills
metronidazole 200mg price – amoxicillin ca zithromax brand
order ciprofloxacin online cheap – ciprofloxacin 500 mg us how to get erythromycin without a prescription
buy valtrex tablets – generic nemasole zovirax for sale
ivermectin australia – buy cheap aczone order sumycin 250mg
order metronidazole online cheap – buy terramycin 250 mg buy zithromax without a prescription
buy ampicillin pills for sale buy amoxicillin tablets cheap amoxil for sale
lasix generic – captopril 25mg cheap captopril 25 mg oral
order glycomet 500mg generic – order lincomycin 500 mg generic order lincomycin 500mg sale
buy retrovir pills – avalide uk allopurinol 300mg over the counter
clozapine pill – order pepcid 20mg pill order famotidine for sale
seroquel 50mg drug – effexor ca cheap eskalith without prescription
order clomipramine 25mg for sale – order celexa 40mg generic buy doxepin 25mg for sale
hydroxyzine 25mg usa – brand sarafem order endep 25mg generic
order augmentin – order cipro 1000mg for sale buy cipro online
buy amoxicillin no prescription – buy cefuroxime medication buy cipro 500mg
buy clindamycin no prescription – purchase cefpodoxime for sale buy chloramphenicol without a prescription
generic azithromycin 500mg – buy ofloxacin 400mg pills ciplox us
ivermectin 12 mg for sale – buy levofloxacin without prescription cefaclor 500mg brand
albuterol 2mg pill – purchase fluticasone online cheap buy theophylline 400 mg online
Wow, superb weblog format! How lengthy have you been blogging for?
you make blogging look easy. The entire glance of your site
is fantastic, let alone the content! You can see similar
here dobry sklep
buy medrol no prescription – order generic singulair 5mg astelin for sale online
order desloratadine sale – ketotifen without prescription buy albuterol 2mg online
glyburide cheap – buy generic glucotrol 5mg order generic forxiga
order prandin 2mg without prescription – jardiance medication empagliflozin 10mg canada
glucophage price – glycomet 1000mg tablet buy precose 50mg without prescription
lamisil 250mg pills – how to buy terbinafine how to buy griseofulvin
rybelsus pills – semaglutide 14mg ca buy DDAVP generic
buy nizoral generic – buy lotrisone sale buy cheap itraconazole
order famciclovir 500mg – famciclovir 250mg without prescription order valcivir 1000mg for sale
lanoxin 250 mg for sale – lanoxin 250mg cost lasix 40mg brand
buy hydrochlorothiazide no prescription – lisinopril 2.5mg pill buy zebeta generic
buy metoprolol 50mg online cheap – buy propranolol generic oral adalat 10mg
nitroglycerin uk – buy diovan generic valsartan 160mg tablet
rosuvastatin treat – pravachol buy fortune caduet pills gray
zocor defeat – gemfibrozil process atorvastatin high
buy viagra professional badge – viagra professional online display levitra oral jelly cease
priligy history – viagra plus lose cialis with dapoxetine pleasant
cenforce online chuckle – brand viagra depart brand viagra pills thee
brand cialis attempt – penisole waist penisole corpse
cialis soft tabs online earn – cialis super active pills add1 viagra oral jelly preparation
brand cialis wipe – apcalis burst penisole feather
cialis soft tabs pills dip – caverta online howl viagra oral jelly bare
cenforce online chant – cialis pills brand viagra already
dapoxetine entrance – udenafil throb cialis with dapoxetine inside
acne medication cousin – acne treatment barnacle acne treatment delay
asthma treatment groan – inhalers for asthma occasional asthma medication whistle
treatment for uti ridiculous – uti antibiotics chant uti medication hand
prostatitis medications end – prostatitis medications march prostatitis treatment mouse
valtrex online bloom – valtrex online plenty valtrex online hair
claritin pills officer – loratadine lad loratadine medication legend
dapoxetine agreeable – priligy success dapoxetine ought
claritin pills warn – claritin pills necessary loratadine reduce
ascorbic acid exclaim – ascorbic acid sensation ascorbic acid thy
promethazine protection – promethazine then promethazine strain
biaxin pills affair – zantac pills haul cytotec pills arrest
florinef pile – prevacid pills cream lansoprazole shin
buy generic rabeprazole for sale – order generic motilium buy domperidone for sale
dulcolax 5 mg ca – dulcolax cost liv52 20mg for sale
cotrimoxazole us – order tobrex 5mg online purchase tobramycin for sale
zovirax oral – duphaston 10 mg brand duphaston price
order forxiga 10 mg generic – order precose 50mg for sale purchase precose generic
order fulvicin generic – gemfibrozil price pill gemfibrozil 300 mg
buy dramamine without prescription – prasugrel 10mg cheap buy generic actonel 35mg
purchase enalapril online cheap – vasotec brand order xalatan generic
order etodolac online – monograph 600mg us buy generic pletal
purchase piroxicam for sale – how to buy piroxicam brand rivastigmine 6mg
buy nootropil 800 mg generic – purchase piracetam sale sinemet canada
order hydroxyurea without prescription – hydroxyurea pills buy generic methocarbamol over the counter
buy divalproex 250mg generic – topiramate 200mg oral order topamax pills
buy cheap norpace – norpace usa chlorpromazine where to buy
cytoxan order – buy dramamine generic vastarel ca
aldactone 25mg usa – dipyridamole drug order naltrexone 50mg pill
order flexeril online cheap – order prasugrel 10 mg generic order vasotec 5mg for sale
ondansetron 4mg brand – selegiline oral ropinirole 1mg pills
purchase ascorbic acid for sale – cheap compro generic purchase compro generic
order durex gel sale – xalatan online order zovirax sale
cheap rogaine for sale – propecia 1mg for sale buy propecia without a prescription
order leflunomide 20mg pills – brand cartidin buy generic cartidin
tenormin online order – sotalol 40mg brand buy coreg 6.25mg generic
order verapamil 240mg pills – diltiazem medication cheap tenoretic without prescription
where can i buy atorlip – order enalapril sale buy nebivolol 5mg
order generic gasex – cheap ashwagandha for sale order diabecon pill
order lasuna for sale – himcolin pills buy himcolin online
purchase norfloxacin sale – how to buy eulexin confido order
buy speman no prescription – where to buy finasteride without a prescription buy generic fincar online
buy finax tablets – purchase doxazosin online buy uroxatral online cheap
purchase terazosin online cheap – order dapoxetine 30mg sale order dapoxetine 60mg pill
oxcarbazepine for sale – cost pirfenex buy levothroid sale
cyclosporine where to buy – purchase imusporin sale purchase colchicine pill
duphalac tubes – purchase brahmi generic betahistine medication
calcort pills – cheap calcort pill purchase alphagan generic
order besivance eye drops – buy besivance eye drops sildamax oral
gabapentin 100mg pills – buy motrin 400mg online sulfasalazine 500 mg over the counter
brand benemid 500 mg – tegretol brand tegretol without prescription
mebeverine us – how to get cilostazol without a prescription buy cilostazol 100 mg without prescription
buy celebrex pills – purchase celecoxib pills cost indocin 75mg
buy voltaren generic – diclofenac online order buy aspirin pills
buy generic rumalaya online – rumalaya oral buy endep pills
pyridostigmine canada – buy sumatriptan paypal order imuran 50mg generic
diclofenac generic – nimodipine tablets buy nimotop medication
lioresal cost – baclofen buy online buy piroxicam generic
order meloxicam 7.5mg generic – buy maxalt medication buy generic toradol 10mg
buy periactin 4mg for sale – buy tizanidine pills for sale oral tizanidine
buy trihexyphenidyl – buy cheap emulgel purchase voltaren gel sale
order omnicef for sale – cleocin where to buy buy generic clindamycin over the counter
isotretinoin cheap – buy cheap generic accutane deltasone 5mg for sale